P21 is a synthetic peptide investigated for its potential impact on neurotrophic pathways, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory processes. In laboratory models, it has been associated with modulation of the expression of neurotrophins and markers of synaptogenesis.
Concentration (test)
Unspecified
Packaging
Glass vial with sterile closure (5 mg powder)
Storage
2–8 °C, protect from moisture and light
Molecular formula
Unspecified
Molecular weight
Unspecified
Other names
P21 peptide; nootropic peptide P21
In laboratory studies, P21 is associated with research in areas such as:
- synaptic plasticity, LTP and learning/memory processes,
- modulation of neurotrophins (BDNF/NGF) and CREB/ERK pathways,
- neuroprotection against oxidative and metabolic stress,
- neurogenesis and maintenance of synaptic markers,
- cognitive function and stress resilience in CNS models.
This content is for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation for human use. The substance is intended for laboratory research only.
What is P21?
P21 is a short peptide studied in neuroscience models to map mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. The literature reports it in the context of supporting neurotrophic signaling and the expression of proteins associated with synaptogenesis, making it a suitable tool for studying learning and memory processes.
From a practical point of view, it is applied in experimental protocols assessing long-term potentiation (LTP), neuronal resistance to oxidative stress, and changes in synaptic markers in the hippocampus and cortex.
How P21 works
Proposed mechanisms include modulation of neurotrophin pathways (e.g. BDNF/TrkB) and subsequent activation of ERK/MAPK and CREB signaling cascades, which regulate the transcription of genes important for synaptic plasticity. In CNS models, the promotion of synaptic proteins, dendritic morphology, and neuronal resilience to stress have been observed.
With lyophilized powder, a solution is prepared before the experiment and then applied according to the protocol; parenteral administration (sc or im) is used for high bioavailability and reproducible plasma profiles.
Researched effects and interesting facts
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Synaptogenesis and LTP: tracking changes in synaptic markers and electrical plasticity.
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Neurotrophic signaling: changes in BDNF/NGF levels and ERK/CREB activity.
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Neuroprotection: neuronal resistance to oxidative and metabolic stress.
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Neurogenesis: experiments assessing proliferation and differentiation in neurogenic zones.
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Cognitive functions: behavioral paradigms of learning and memory in animal models.
Dosage in studies
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Dose: Unspecified (often low microgram ranges depending on the model and biomarkers monitored).
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Form: subcutaneously or intramuscularly after preparation of solution from lyophilized powder.
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Frequency: Unspecified (determined by experimental design and sampling time points).
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Duration: Unspecified (acute and longer-term protocols according to study objective).
The information provided is based on research protocols and is for educational purposes only. It is not intended for real-world use outside of a laboratory setting.
Possible side effects (injectable form)
- local irritation, redness or tenderness at the injection site,
- transient headaches, mild insomnia or drowsiness according to individual reactivity,
- rarely nausea or dizziness.
Resources
- Review papers on neurotrophins (BDNF/NGF) and ERK/CREB signaling in synaptic plasticity.
- Experimental studies investigating peptide modulators of LTP, synaptogenesis, and neuroprotection in CNS models.
- Publications on behavioral paradigms of learning and memory in the evaluation of peptide nootropics.
This article is for informational purposes only. It does not constitute a recommendation or solicitation for use. The information provided is a summary of existing scientific literature and is for educational purposes only.
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