Meldonium is a synthetic substance derived from gamma-butyrobetaine, a natural precursor of carnitine. It is known for its effects on fatty acid metabolism and energy metabolism, especially in research on stress and sports performance.
Contents
500 mg of meldonium in 1 capsule
Packaging
60 capsules in a resealable container
Storage
Out of direct light, dry up to 25°C
Molecular formula
C6H14N2O2
Molecular weight
146.19 g mol⁻¹
IUPAC name
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydraziniumyl)propionate
Other names
Mildronate, MET-88
In laboratory studies, meldonium has been linked to research in areas such as:
- increasing cellular energy efficiency during hypoxia,
- increasing physical endurance and resistance to stress,
- neuroprotective and cardioprotective mechanisms,
- recovery from ischemic and oxidative stress,
- modulation of fatty acid metabolism.
This content is for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation for human use. The substance is intended for laboratory research only.
What is Meldonium?
Meldonium is a synthetic substance originally developed in Latvia that affects fatty acid metabolism. It acts as an inhibitor of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase, thereby reducing carnitine levels and limiting the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria, especially under stress and hypoxic conditions.
Its purpose is to increase cellular efficiency of glucose utilization and limit the accumulation of toxic intermediates from fat metabolism, which is particularly important in ischemic or physiologically demanding conditions.
How does meldonium work?
Meldonium reduces carnitine synthesis, thereby reducing the entry of fatty acids into mitochondria. Cells thus use glucose more as the main energy substrate, which is more efficient, especially in conditions of oxygen deficiency. At the same time, the accumulation of acylcarnitines and free radicals in cells is reduced.
The result is a stabilization of metabolism, better protection against oxidative stress, and an increased ability to survive ischemic or extreme stress conditions. This mechanism is being studied particularly in the context of sports, heart health, and neurodegeneration.
Researched effects and interesting facts
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Physiological adaptation: increased tolerance to physical and mental stress in both animal and human research.
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Cardioprotective effects: reduction of myocardial damage during ischemia in experiments.
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Neuroprotection: animal studies have shown protection of neurons during oxygen deprivation.
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Performance: increasing physical endurance during repeated performance in a stressful environment.
Dosage in studies
The values listed are derived solely from research studies and are not intended for real-world use outside of a laboratory environment.
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Dosage: 500 – 1000 mg daily
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Form: oral (capsules)
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Frequency: 1–2 times daily depending on the study objective
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Duration: 2 – 6 weeks
Possible side effects
- nausea or stomach upset,
- headaches or insomnia,
- in rare cases, allergic reaction (skin rash).
Resources
- Dambrova, M. et al. (2016). Mildronate: From root to reason
- Simkhovich, BZ et al. (1988). Mildronate-induced cardioprotection against ischemia
- Sjakste, N. et al. (2005). Biological effects of meldonium in brain and heart tissue
- Liepinsh, E. et al. (2011). Pharmacological effects of meldonium on exercise performance
This article is for informational purposes only. It does not constitute a recommendation or solicitation for use. The information provided is a summary of existing scientific literature and is for educational purposes only.
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