Cardarine (GW-501516) is an investigational PPARδ agonist, studied for its potential to affect fat metabolism, performance, and endurance. In this form, it is available in capsules containing 10 mg of the active ingredient.
Active ingredient content
10 mg GW-501516 in one capsule
Packaging
60 capsules in a plastic bottle
Storage
Out of direct sunlight, at room temperature
Molecular formula
C21H18F3NO3S2
Molecular weight
453.5 g/mol
IUPAC name
2-(2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
Other names
Endurobol, GSK-516, GW1516
In laboratory studies, Cardarine has been linked to research in areas such as:
- increased oxidation of fatty acids (β-oxidation),
- increase in aerobic capacity and endurance,
- metabolic adaptation to low carbohydrate intake,
- reducing inflammation in metabolic tissues,
- protection of vascular endothelium and improvement of lipid profile.
This content is for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation for human use. The substance is intended for laboratory research only.
What is Cardarine (GW-501516)
Cardarine is a synthetic compound developed in the 1990s by pharmaceutical companies GSK and Ligand Pharmaceuticals. It is a PPARδ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor delta) agonist, which regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism. It was originally investigated as a potential treatment for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Although it has never been approved for human use, it has been the subject of numerous laboratory studies for its ability to affect fat burning and endurance without directly interfering with the hormonal axis.
How Cardarine works
Cardarine binds to and activates PPARδ receptors. These receptors regulate gene expression, particularly in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Activation of PPARδ results in:
- increasing fatty acid oxidation (fat burning),
- reducing glucose consumption in favor of fats,
- reducing inflammation and oxidative stress,
- increasing the endurance performance of type I muscle fibers.
Researched effects and interesting facts
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Endurance and performance: Significant increases in endurance have been observed in laboratory animals (up to 60% in some endurance tests).
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Lipid metabolism: A decrease in LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL have been noted in some experiments.
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Reducing inflammation: Impact on pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-α and IL-6, which may affect systemic inflammation.
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No hormonal effects: Does not directly affect testosterone or estrogen levels.
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Metabolic flexibility: Allows for better utilization of fat as an energy source instead of carbohydrates.
Dosage in studies
The values listed are derived solely from research studies and are not intended for real-world use outside of a laboratory environment.
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Dose: 2–10 mg daily
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Form: oral (capsules)
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Frequency: 1× daily
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Duration: 2–12 weeks in experiments
Possible side effects
- In animal studies at very high doses, proliferative changes in tissues were observed
- Potential impact on hepatic mitochondrial metabolism
- No known acute side effects at normal doses under laboratory conditions
Resources
- Oliver WR et al. (2001). A selective PPARδ agonist promotes lipid metabolism.
- Narkar VA et al. (2008). Cardarine enhances endurance by regulating skeletal muscle gene expression.
- Barish GD et al. (2006). PPARδ and the regulation of inflammation.
- Gonzalez FJ et al. (2006). PPARs: regulators of metabolism and inflammation.
- Riserus U et al. (2008). PPARδ agonists in obesity and diabetes research.
This article is for informational purposes only. It does not constitute a recommendation or solicitation for use. The information provided is a summary of existing scientific literature and is for educational purposes only.
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